PS Academy, Indore - Institute for IAS, IPS, UPSC, MPPSC, SSC

Wednesday, June 10, 2015

Amendment to Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881

Union Government has given nod for promulgation of Ordinance to amend
Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. Decision in this regard was Union
Cabinet meet chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in New Delhi.

The ordinance paves way for filing of cheque bounce cases in place
where the cheque was issued. This move that will benefit around 18
lakh people involved in such cheque bounce cases.

In May 2015, The Negotiable Instruments (Amendment) Bill, 2015 was
passed in Lok Sabha. However the bill was not able pass in Rajya Sabha
where ruling NDA government is in minority.

Background

**In 2014, Supreme Court had ruled that cases against those having
defaulted on their cheque payments only need be filed in courts under
which jurisdiction of the bank account of the accused fell.

**However, this ruling was not payee-friendly. So in order to protect
of payee Union government brought amendment bill to by-pass the
court's order.

About Negotiable Instruments (Amendment) Bill, 2015

**The amendment bill adds provision to specify the territorial
jurisdiction of the courts in cases related to bouncing of cheques
which was not present in the parent Act.

**It says that cases in this regard need to be filed only in a court
in whose jurisdiction the bank branch of the payee lies.

**It also adds provision related to more than one case is filed
against the same person before different courts for bouncing of
cheques.

**In this matter, the case will be transferred to the court that has
appropriate jurisdiction. The bill also amends the definition of
cheque.

**Now it defines it as cheque in the electronic form which is signed
in a secure system with a digital signature or using electronic system
and drawn in electronic medium using any computer resource.

About Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881

The Act defines bills of exchange, promissory notes, cheques and
creates penalties for issues such as bouncing of cheques. It also
specifies circumstances under which complaints for cheque bouncing can
be filed.

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Trios of 3800-year-old statuettes found in Vichama, Peru

Researchers in Peru have discovered trios of statuettes which belong
to some 3,800 years ago.

They were discovered by research team led by archaeologist Ruth Shady.
The final discovery announcement was made by the Peruvian Cultural
Ministry in Lima.

The mud statuettes were found inside a reed basket in a building at
the ancient city of Vichama in northern Peru.

Key Facts

**These statuettes are believed to be created by the ancient Caral
civilization some 3,800 years ago.

**They were Probably were used in religious rituals performed before
breaking ground on a new building.

**Among discovered statuettes, two are of the figures consisting of a
naked man and woman painted in white, black and red. It is believed
that they represent political authorities.

**The third statue is of women with 28 fingers and red dots on her
white face. It is believed that she represent a priestess.

**Researchers also have unearthed two mud figurines of women's faces
wrapped in cloth and covered with yellow, blue and orange feathers.

The Caral civilization had emerged some 5,000 years ago and had lived
in Peru's Supe Valley. They have left behind impressive architecture
including pyramids and sunken amphitheaters.

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KHOYA PAYA PORTAL

*****KHOYA PAYA PORTAL*****

Union Government has launched Khoya Paya web platform for people to
directly report, track and upload information on missing children.

It was jointly launched by the Union Minister of Women and Child
Development Maneka Gandhi and Union Minister of Communication & IT
Ravi Shankar Prasad in New Delhi.

Khoya Paya is joint initiative of the Union Ministry of Women and
Child Development (WCD) and the Department of Electronics and
Information Technology (DeitY).

The first-of-its-kind web portal will serve as a platform for people
to not only report a missing child but also track the efforts towards
his or her recovery.

Khoya Paya website has three sections

1..**My child is missing**-

where citizens can report missing children.

2.**I have sighted a child-

where citizens can report sightings and whereabouts of missing
children without wasting much time.

3.**Search a missing child and the found children can also be reported on it.

The reporting to the KhoyaPaya site can be done through text,
photographs, videos and other means of transmitting and uploading
information.

The website will also provide links to court orders wherein police
have been mandated to register an FIR in the matter of a child gone
missing and treat it as either abduction or trafficking unless it is
proved otherwise in the investigation.

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facts

Fact of Indian Geography
====================
India is situated north of the equator between 8°4' and 37°6' north
latitude and 68°7' and 97°25' east longitude.

The countries bordering the nation towards its north are Bhutan,
China and Nepal, towards its east are Burma and Bangladesh,
and towards west is Pakistan.

It is the seventh-largest country in the world, with a total area of
3,166,414 square kilometers (1,222,559 sq mi).

India measures 3,214 km (1,997 mi) from north to south and
2,933 km (1,822 mi) from east to west. It has a land frontier of
15,200 km (9,445 mi) and a coastline of 7,517 km (4,671 mi)
India projects into and is bounded by the Indian Ocean – in
particular, by the Arabian Sea on the southwest, the Lacsadive
Sea to the south, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast.
Kanchenjunga, situated at an altitude of 8, 598 m above the sea
level is the highest point of India.

The Ganges is the longest river originating in India. Which
measured 2525 km in length.

Brahmaputra River, flowing over an area of 2, 900 km is the
country's longest river.

These rivers can be divided into two major river systems in India,
which are mentioned below:

The Himalayan River System
The Peninsular River System

Kuttanad, in the state of Kerala, which is located at −2.2 m below
the sea level, is the lowest point of the nation.
Continent Asia

Region South Asia Indian subcontinent
Coordinates 21°N 78°E
Area Ranked 7th (3,166,414 km2) (1,222,559 sq mi)
90.08% land 9.92 % water
Coastline 7,516 km (4,670 mi)
Borders Total land borders: [1] 15,106.70 km (9,386.87
mi)

Bangladesh: 4,096.70 km (2,545.57 mi)
China (PRC): 3,488 km (2,167 mi)
Pakistan: 2,910 km (1,808 mi)
Nepal: 1,751 km (1,088 mi)
Burma: 1,643 km (1,021 mi)
Bhutan: 699 km (434 mi)

Highest point Kanchenjunga 8,598 m (28,208.7 ft)

Lowest point Loner Lake −150 m (−492.1 ft)

Longest river Ganges–Brahmaputra [citation needed]

Largest lake Chilka Lake

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indian and myanmar joint operation

भारतीय सेना ने म्यांमार सीमा में दो किलोमीटर अंदर घुसकर उग्रवादियों के
दो कैंप पुरी तरह तबाह कर डाले। सेना की इस कार्रवाई में करीब 100
उग्रवादियों के मारे जाने की खबर है।

सूचना और प्रसारण मंत्री राज्यवर्धन सिंह राठौर ने इसकी पुष्टि करते हुए
कहा कि ये प्रधानमंत्री द्वारा लिया गया ऐतिहासिक और साहसिक फैसला था। ये
उन पड़ोसी देशों के लिये भी एक कड़ा संदेश है जो आतंकवाद को बढ़ावा देते
हैं।

गौरतलब है कि पिछले हफ्ते चार जून को मणिपुर के चंदेल जिले में
उग्रवादियों ने घात लगाकर हमला किया था जिससे सेना के 18 जवान शहीद हो
गए। इसके बाद सरकार ने तय किया कि उग्रवादियों के खिलाफ कड़ी कार्रवाई की
जाए। उसी का नतीजा रहा कि सेना को पक्की खबर मिली कि मणिपुर और नगालैंड
सीमा पर उग्रवादी फिर से हमले की साजिश रचने में लगे हैं। फिर क्या था,
म्यांमार सरकार के सहयोग से योजनाबद्ध तरीके से सेना ने उग्रवादी कैंपों
पर सुबह साढ़े नौ बजे हमला बोल दिया।

सेना की इस कार्रवाई में 100 से ज्यादा उग्रवादी मारे गए हैं। इनमें
ज्यादातर वही उग्रवादी थे जो घात लगाकर 18 जवानों की हत्या करने में
शामिल थे। इस अभियान में उग्रवादियों के दो कैंप पूरी तरह से बरबाद कर
दिए गए हैं। 18 जवानों की हत्या के बाद निराश और क्रोधित भारतीय सेना के
लिए इस कार्रवाई को मनोबल ऊंचा करने वाला बताया जा रहा है। इस कार्रवाई
में सेना ने MI-17 हेलीकॉप्टर का इस्तेमाल किया।

सेना के सूत्रों का कहना है कि 1993 के बाद भारतीय सेना ने म्यांमार
बॉर्डर पार करके ऐसे कार्रवाई को अंजाम दिया और इसमें वहां की सरकार व
सेना ने भी भारतीय सेना का भरपूर सहयोग किया। सूत्रों के अनुसार भारतीय
पैरा कमांडो सुबह MI-17 हेलीकॉप्टर से म्यांमार सीमा में गए और ऑपरेशन को
अंजाम देकर वापस लौट आए। खास बात ये भी कि इस कार्रवाई में कोई भी कमांडो
घायल तक नहीं हुआ।

इससे पहले 2003 में सेना ने ऐसा ऑपरेशन भूटान सीमा में घुसकर उल्फा के
खिलाफ किया था। सेना ने जिस तरह की कार्रवाई की है, ऐसे ही हालात 2008
में मुंबई हमले के वक्त भी बन गए थे। उस समय भी एलओसी पार करके पीओके में
ऐसी ही कार्रवाई की बात कही जा रही थी, लेकिन सरकार की ओर से ग्रीन
सिग्नल न मिलने की वजह सेना सरहद पार बैठे आतंकियों के खिलाफ कार्रवाई
नहीं कर पाई।

वैसे म्यांमार से लगी भारत की सीमा 1643 किलोमीटर लंबी है। दोनों देशों
के बीच पाकिस्तान सीमा का तरह बाड़ नहीं लगी है। इसकी का फायदा कई दफा
उग्रवादी संग्ठन उठाते हैं और यही वजह है कि 4 जून को उग्रवादी मणिपुर
में सेना के काफिले पर हमला करने के बाद म्यांमार की तरफ भाग निकले थे।

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LONGEST, HIGHEST, BIGGEST, LARGEST, DEEPEST, SMALLEST OF THE WORLD

Airport, Highest - Lhasa Airport, Tibet

Animal, biggest - Blue Bottom whale

Animal, Fastest - Cheetah

Animal, Tallest - Giraffe

Archipelago, Largest - Indonesia

Bay, Largest- Hudson Bay, Canada,

Bird, Largest - Ostrich

Bird, Smallest - Humming bird

Bird. Fastest - Swift

Bridge, Longest - the Akashi Kaikyo bridge in Japan

Building, Tallest - Taipei 101, Taipei, Taiwan,2004,101
stories,509m,1,670ft

Building, Tallest in the World - Burj, Dubai (UAE)

Canal, Longest - Baltic sea White Canal

Canal, Longest - Suez Canal

Canal, Longest Irrigational- The Kalakumsky Canal

Capital, Highest - La Paz (Boliva)

Cathedral, Largest - Cathedral Church of New York

Cemetry, Largest - Leningrad, Russia

Church, Largest - Belisca of St. Peter in the Vatican City, Rome.

Cinema House, Biggest - Roxy, New York

City, Biggest in Area - Mount Isa Australia

City, Costliest- Tokyo

City, Highest - Wen Chuan, China

City, Highest- Van Chuan (China)

Continent, Largest - Asia

Continent, Smallest - Australia

Corridor, Longest - Rameshwaram Temple (India)

Country, Largest - Russia

Country, Largest (Electorate)- India

Country, Smallest - Vatican City

Creature, Largest - Blue Whale

Dam, Highest - Hoover Dam (U.S.A.)

Dams, Largest - Grand Coulee Dam, USA

Day, Longest - June 21

Day, Shortest - December 22

Delta, Largest - Sunderbans

Democracy, Largest - India

Desert, Largest - Sahara, Africa

Desert, Largest (Asia) - Gobi

Diamond, Largest - The Cullinan

Dog, Fastest - Persian greyhound

Dome, Biggest - Gol Gumbaz (Bijapur), India

Dome, Largest - Astrodome, in Housten (U.S.A.)

Epic, Largest - Mahabharat

Epic, Longest - Mahabharata

Flower, Biggest - Rafflesia (Java)

Fountain, Tallest - Fountain Hills, Arizona

Gulf, Largest - Gulf of Mexico

Hotel, Largest - Hotel Rossaiya, Moscow

Island, Largest - Greenland

Lake, Deepest - Baikal (Siberia)

Lake, Deepest -Baikal (Siberia)

Lake, Highest - Titicaca (Bolivia)

Lake, Largest - Caspian Sea, CIS Iran

Lake, Largest (Artificial)- Lake Mead (Boulder Dam)

Lake, Largest (Fresh water)- Superior

Library, Biggest - National Kiev Library, Moscow and Library of the

Congress, Washington

Library, Largest- United State Library of Congress, Washington
D.C.

Lightest Gas - Hydrogen

Metal, Lightest - Lithium

Minaret Sultan Has, Largest -san Mosque (Egypt)

Minaret, Tallest - Qutub Minar, Delhi (India)

Mosque , Largest- Jama Masjid, Delhi (India)

Mountain Peak Mount, Highest - Everest (Nepal)

Mountain Range, Highest- Himalayas

Mountain, Longest - Andes (South America)

Museum, Biggest - British Museum (London)

Oceans, Biggest - Pacific Ocean

Oceans, Deepest - Pacific Ocean

Palace, Biggest - Vatican (Rome)

Palace, Largest - Imperial Palace (China)

Park, Biggest - Yellow Stone National Park

Park, Largest - Wood Buffalo National Park (Canada)

Peninsula, Largest - Arabia

Place, Coldest (Habitated)- Verkhoyank (Siberia)

Place, Dryest - Iqique (In Atacama Desert, Chile)

Place, Hottest - Al-Azizia (Libya)

Place, Rainiest - Mosinram, near Cherapunji (India)

Planet, Biggest - Jupiter

Planet, Brightest- Venus

Planet, Coldest - Pluto

Planet, Farthest (from the Sun) - Pluto

Planet, Nearest (To the Sun) - Mercury

Planet, Smallest - Murcury

Plateau, Highest - Pamir (Tibet)

Platform, Largest - Grand Central Terminal, (Ely. Station)New York
(USA)

Platform, Longest - Kharagpur, W. Bengal (India)

Population, Highest - Mexico

Railway Bridge, Longest - Huey P. Long Bridge, Louisiana
(U.S.A.)

Railway, Longest - Trans-Siberian railway

River Dam , Longest - Hirakud Dam, India

River, Largest - Amazon (S. America)

River, Longest - Nile, Africa

Road, Highest - Leh-Nobra, Ladakh division India.

Sea, Largest - Mediterranean sea

Sea, Largest - South China Sea

Sea-bird, Largest - Albatross

Stadium, Largest - Starhove Stadium, Prague (Czech Republic)

Star, Brightest - Sirius A

Statue, Tallest - Motherland (Russia)

Telescope, Biggest - Mt. Palomar (USA)

Temple, Largest - Angkorwat in Kampuchea

Theatre, Oldest - Teatro Ohmpico (Itlay)

Tower, Tallest - C. N. Tower, Toronto (Canada)

Train Flying, Longest - Scotsman

Tunnel, Longest (Railway) - Tanna (Japan)

Tunnel, Longest (Road) - Mont Blanc Tunnel between France and
Italy

Village, Highest - Andean (Chile)

Volcano, Highest - Ojos del Salado, (Argentina) Chile

Volcano, Largest - Manuna Lea (Hawai)

Wall, Longest - Great Wall of China

Water Level, Lowest - Dead Sea

Waterfall, Highest - Angel (Venezuela)

Waterfall, Widest - Khone Falls (Laos)

Zoo, Largest - Kruger National Park, South Africa

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